Construction of continuous nursing program for children with congenital imperforate anus based on 5W1H analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Based on the framework of 5W1H analysis, to establish the continuous nursing project by delphi expert consultation method for children with congenital imperforate anus after discharge.Methods:This study is observational. Through the literature review, qualitative interview and group discussion to establish the expert correspondence questionnaire from April 2021 to March 2022. Delphi consultation was applied to experts for two rounds of expert consultation, to evaluate the initiative, authority and coordination of expert opinions.Results:Two rounds of expert consultation were carried out with 20 experts.The response rates of two rounds of expert questionnaires were 19/20 and 20/20 respectively, the expert authority coefficients were 0.873 and 0.893 respectively, and the Kendall′s coefficients were 0.311 and 0.405 respectively. The coordination of expert opinions was statistically significant ( P<0.05); After two rounds of expert consultation, it was finally determined that the continuing care plan for children with anal atresia included three first-level indicators (composition and responsibilities of continuing care personnel, implementation methods of continuing care, and implementation content of continuing care), 23 second-level indicators, and 46 third-level indicators. Conclusions:This study have high enthusiasm and authority of experts, and concentrated expert opinions on various indicators. The results are reliable, scientific and comprehensive, which will provide a basis for clinical medical staff to carry out the continuous nursing of children with congenital imperforate anus.

Fluctuation analysis and prediction of intravenous medication dispensing workload based on time series analysis method / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the fluctuation characteristics of long-term doctor's order workload in pharmacy intravenous admixture services (PIVAS) and build a daily workload fluctuation prediction model and provide reference for the adjustment of PIVAS work mode. Methods Daily workload data of long-term doctor’s orders from PIVAS in the East Campus of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected , and the time series analysis method was used to analyze the workload fluctuation characteristics and a prediction model was established. The accuracy of the model was verified by fitting parameters and prediction results. Results The fluctuation of PIVAS long-term doctor's daily workload data had the characteristics of periodicity, short-term slow rise and irregular variation. The Winters multiplier model was used to fit the series with R2 = 0.777, the significance value of Ljung-Box statistic value (P value) was 0.060, and the mean absolute error percentage between the fitted and actual values was 4.45%, indicating that the model fitting accuracy was high. The average relative deviation between the predicted and actual results was 3.81%, indicating that the model prediction was effective. Conclusion The model constructed in this study could be used for the analysis and prediction of long-term doctor's orders workload of PIVAS. However, because the workload of doctor's orders has fluctuations such as periodicity and irregular changes, it is necessary to adjust the working model according to the fluctuation characteristics of the workload and the prediction results to ensure the efficient operation of PIVAS.

Qualitative analysis of volatile organic components in chemicals using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / 中国职业医学

Objective To establish a rapid qualitative analysis method for volatile organic components in chemicals. Methods Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to qualitatively determine 19 volatile organic components, including benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and n-hexane, in chemicals. Different sample amounts, heating temperatures, heating times, and sample volumes were analyzed to assess their effects on detection results and optimize sampling conditions. Results Based on the set chromatography, the optimal sampling process of this method was as follows： 5.0 g sample in a 20.0 mL headspace bottle, incubated at 40 ℃ for 30 minutes in a constant-temperature drying incubator, and a 1.00 mL headspace gas injection. The within-run and between-run relative standard deviations of all components ranged from 0.00% to 21.05% and 0.00% to 33.33%, respectively. The samples stored in sealed glass containers were stable at room temperature for at least 60 days. Conclusion This method offers simplicity, good reproducibility, and stability, making it suitable for rapid qualitative analysis of volatile organic components in chemicals.

Pre-hospitalization process reengineering based on the failure mode and effect analysis combined with process analysis method / 中华医院管理杂志

The pre-hospitalization service is an important initiative for medical institutions to implement the national reform of the medical security system. In 2018, Zhejiang province proposed the " most run once reform", requiring the establishment of an admission preparation center to carry out pre-hospitalization services. In June 2021, a certain maternal and child health hospital conducted a process reengineering for the pre admission process of the admission preparation center by applying the combined process analysis and failure mode and effects analysis, high-risk points of the hospitalization process were screened, the job value and job functions of each sector were sorted out, and the sector for improvement sector was evaluated, to launch an independent information system, establish a one click automatic import of pre hospital medical orders function, and remove on-site billing physicians from various specialties for improvement measures. The steps of the process had been optimized, inlcuding issuing pre hospital medical orders, waiting for pre-hospitalization, pre-hospitalization, and so on. The completeness rate of pre hospital medical orders, average waiting days before hospitalization, and patient satisfaction scores of pre hospitalization centers had changed from 91%, 2.99 days, and 93.46 points before process reengineering to 92%, 2.44 days, and 95.80 points after reengineering, respectively. This practice had achieved dual improvements in pre admission service quality and efficiency, so as to provide a reference for China′s medical institutions to carry out safe and efficient pre admission services.

La utilización del Método de Análisis de Conceptos para la comprensión del concepto de Autorregulación a el Aprendizaje / A utilização do método de análise de conceitos para a compreensão do conceito de aprendizagem autorregulada / The use of concept analysis method to understand the concept of self-regulation learning

Nas últimas décadas, o termo autorregulação tem sido mencionado em pesquisas de diferentes áreas, entre elas a Educação. Devido a essa crescente utilização, questiona-se: quais são os elementos comuns no conceito de aprendizagem autorregulada apresentados em pesquisas internacionais? Neste estudo foram associados os métodos de revisão integrativa e de análise de conceitos. Na primeira etapa da análise de conceitos foi realizado um levantamento de artigos revisados por pares no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, resultando em 372 trabalhos que permitiram indicar as áreas de utilização do termo. Na segunda etapa, aplicando os critérios de revisão integrativa, foram selecionados 67 trabalhos na base de periódicos ERIC. Entre os fatores comuns foi possível identificar que o processo de aprendizagem autorregulada inclui planejamento, autonomia, implementação de objetivos, metas e estratégias, controle de emoções, gerenciamento do tempo, valorização do conhecimento e execução de tarefas com êxito.

En las últimas décadas, el término autorregulación ha sido mencionado en investigaciones de distintas áreas, entre ellas la Educación. Debido a esa creciente utilización, se cuestiona: ¿cuáles son los elementos comunes en el concepto aprendizaje autorregulado presentados en investigaciones internacionales? En este estudio se asociaron los métodos de revisión integrativa y de análisis de conceptos. En la primera etapa del análisis de conceptos se realizó una recopilación de artículos revisados por pares en el Portal de Periódicos de la CAPES, resultando en 372 estudios que permitieron indicar las áreas de utilización del término. En la segunda etapa, aplicando los criterios de revisión integrativa, se seleccionados 67 estudios en la base de periódicos ERIC. Entre los factores comunes se identificó que el proceso aprendizaje autorregulado incluye planeamiento, autonomía, implementación de objetivos, metas y estrategias, control de emociones, gerenciamiento del tiempo, valoración del conocimiento y ejecución de tareas con éxito.

In recent decades, the term self-regulation has been mentioned in research in different areas, including Education. Due to this growing use, the question is: what are the common elements in the concept of self-regulation learning presented in international research? In this study, integrative review and concept analysis methods were associated. In the first stage of the concept analysis, a survey of peer-reviewed articles was carried out on the CAPES Periodicals Portal, resulting in 372 articles that allowed indicating the areas of use of the term. In the second stage, applying the integrative review criteria, 67 articles were selected from the ERIC journals. Among the common factors, it was possible to identify that the self-regulation learning process includes planning, autonomy, implementation of objectives, goals and strategies, control of emotions, time management, appreciation of knowledge and successful execution of tasks.

CHINA PH ARMACY Volume 33，Number 14，July 30，2022 Semimonthly Table of Contents Analysis of pediatric drug policies in China on the basis of policy tools / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide refere nce for the optimization and adjustment of the relevant policies in the field of pediatric drug in China. METHODS“Children”“pediatrics”and“drugs”were taken as the keywords to search the official websites of the State Council ，the National Health Commission ，the National Healthcare Security Administration ，the State Administration of Market Regulation and other relevant ministries and commissions ，and collect the relevant pediatric drug policies issued at the national level from January 1，2010 to December 31，2021. Content analysis method was used to summarize ，code and statistically analyze the policy tools used in the policy research documents. RESULTS A total of 39 policy documents and 327 policy tools were included in this study. According to statistics ，from 2011 to 2021，China issued national policy documents on pediatric drug use every year ，and in recent years ，the issuance of documents was relatively intensive. The main body of issuing pediatric drugs policy was the national health department and drug supervision and administration department （71.79％，28/39），and the number of documents issued by relevant ministries and commissions alone （76.92％，30/39）was significantly more than the number of documents jointly issued by multiple ministries and commissions （23.08％，9/39）. The environmental policy tools were the most widely used （64.83％，212/327），followed by s upply-oriented policy tools （30.28％，99/327），and demand-oriented policy tools were the least used （4.89％，16/327）. CONCLUSIONS The development of pediatric drug use in China is in its infancy. It is suggested that China should optimize supply-oriented policy tools，increase capital investment and the use of public health service tools ；adjust environmental policy tools ，accelerate the legislation of pediatric drugs ，and increase the proportion of incentive policy tool ；attach importance to demand-oriented policy tools ，strengthen international exchanges and the application of service outsourcing in the field of pediatric medication ；plan the use of various policy tools as a whole ，and coordinate the use proportion of three types of policy tool and their sub policy tools，so as to enhance the initiative of policy tools ，form policy synergy ，and jointly promote the development of pediatric drug use.

A content analysis of the provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To perform quantitative analysis on the sample provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation, and provide reference for further revision of laws and regulations. 【Methods】 31 study samples were current provincial laws and regulations for voluntary blood donation that can be collected from open sources. The issue date and the revision date of each sample were recorded. With "The Blood Donation Law of the People’s Republic of China" as reference, 5 categories were formed and additional clauses in samples were coded and rated following content analysis procedures. Sample provinces were divided into two groups based on donation rate and their differences in evaluation scores of categories were examined using rank sum test. 【Results】 Until December, 2021, 31 sample provinces had issued and implemented provincial laws and regulation for voluntary blood donation, and 14 of which had been revised. Many detailed clauses (total score 9.32±3.09) were added in sample provincial laws and regulations, more clauses were added in the categories of 'related government agencies and their responsibilities’, 'management of clinical blood use’ and 'rewards and punishment’. Sample provinces were divided into two groups according to the donation rate per 1 000 people recommended by World Health Organization(10‰). Compared to lower donation rate group, the total score and sub score in the categories of 'basic principles’, 'management of blood collection and supply’ were significantly higher in higher donation rate group. 【Conclusion】 In revision and improvement of provincial laws and regulations, 'basic principles’ and 'management of blood collection and supply’ could be considered. This assay mainly tries to provide a new research perspective and perform quantitative analysis on content of sample provincial laws and regulation for voluntary blood donation, the actual effect of the results in this study need longer time to be examined, and we will keep following its new advances.

Construction of an evaluation index system for research-oriented disciplines in medical institutions / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To construct an index system for evaluating the development of research-oriented disciplines in medical institutions, and to provide a basis for guiding the superior disciplines towards international high-level disciplines.Methods:Through literature research and expert discussions, the basic framework of the research-oriented disciplines development evaluation system was established. The final version of the index system was determined using the Delphi method and expert interviews, and the weights of each index were established using the hierarchical analysis method.Results:After consultation, the framework of 5 first-class indexes, 16 second-class indexes, and 51 third-class indexes was finally constructed for the evaluation system of research-oriented discipline development, and the weights of indexes at different classes were calculated. The high-frequency terms " research mechanism construction" , " research team construction" and " representative research results" extracted from the expert interviews echoed the results of the weighting calculation.Conclusions:The evaluation system for research-oriented disciplines constructed in this study is relatively reasonable, scientific, reliable, and operable. The construction of the index system adapts to the characteristics of the development of research-oriented disciplines, with guiding significance for enhancing the development of research-oriented disciplines.

Empirical analysis and intervention research on college students' health influence mechanism from the perspective of public sports / Análisis empírico e investigación de intervenciones sobre el mecanismo de impacto en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios desde la perspectiva de los deportes públicos / Análise empírica e investigação de intervenção sobre o mecanismo de influência na saúde dos estudantes universitários sob a perspectiva do desporto público

ABSTRACT The construction of public sports does not only improve the sports performance of college students, but also improves the health level of students. At present, the achievements of public sports construction in colleges and universities are not good, and the reasons for hindering the improvement of students' physical health are more complex. In order to explore the problems existing in the construction of public sports in colleges and universities, this study used literature survey, the Delphi method, questionnaire survey and factor analysis to analyze the health impact mechanism of college students, and carried out intervention research according to analysis results. Factor analysis was used to extract the students' factors, school factors, parents' factors and social factors from the 30 influencing factors in the questionnaire and, through empirical analysis, it summed up the students' health influence mechanism, such as learning pressure, physical education curriculum, family health attention and so on. In view of the main influencing factors, the targeted intervention, including improving the students' and parents' awareness of physical exercise and enhancing the load of physical education curriculum in colleges and universities is designed. Before and after the intervention, students' sprint and long-distance running tests show that students' physical fitness has been significantly improved, and the intervention results show that targeted intervention can promote the healthy development of college students. It is expected that this study can strengthen the level of public sports construction in colleges and universities, so as to improve students' physical quality.

RESUMO A construção de esportes públicos não só melhora o desempenho esportivo dos estudantes universitários, como também melhora o nível de saúde desses estudantes. Atualmente, as instalações esportivas em faculdades e universidades não são boas, e as razões para impedir a melhoria da saúde física dos estudantes são mais complexas. A fim de explorar os problemas existentes na construção de esportes públicos em faculdades e universidades, este estudo utilizou o método da literatura, o método Delphi, o método de levantamento por questionários e o método de análise de fatores para analisar o mecanismo de impacto na saúde dos estudantes universitários, e realizou pesquisas de intervenção de acordo com os resultados da análise. A análise de fatores foi usada para extrair os fatores dos alunos, fatores escolares, fatores dos pais e fatores sociais dos trinta fatores que influenciam o questionário, e através de análise empírica, resumiu-se o mecanismo de influência da saúde dos alunos, como pressão na aprendizagem, carga curricular de educação física, atenção à saúde familiar e assim por diante. Tendo em conta os principais fatores influenciadores, concebeu-se a intervenção visada, incluindo a melhoria da conscientização dos estudantes e dos pais para o exercício físico e o reforço da carga dos programas de educação física nas faculdades e universidades. Antes e depois da intervenção, o teste de sprint e de longa distância dos estudantes mostra que a aptidão física dos estudantes foi significativamente melhorada, e os resultados da intervenção mostram que a intervenção orientada pode promover o desenvolvimento saudável dos estudantes universitários. Espera-se que este estudo possa reforçar o nível de concepção dos serviços de públicos esportivos em faculdades e universidades, de modo a melhorar a qualidade física dos estudantes.

RESUMEN La instalación de deportes públicos no solo mejora el rendimiento deportivo de los estudiantes universitarios, sino que también mejora el nivel de salud de los estudiantes. En la actualidad, los logros de la instalación de deportes públicos en colegios y universidades no son buenos y las razones que obstaculizan la mejora de la salud física de los estudiantes son más complejas. Con el fin de explorar los problemas existentes en la instalación de deportes públicos en colegios y universidades, este estudio utilizó la revisión de literatura, el método Delphi, la encuesta de cuestionario y el análisis factorial para analizar el mecanismo de impacto en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios, y llevó a cabo una investigación de intervención según los resultados de los análisis. Se utilizó el análisis factorial para extraer los factores de los estudiantes, los factores escolares, los factores de los padres y los factores sociales de los 30 factores de influencia del cuestionario y, a través del análisis empírico, se resumió el mecanismo de influencia de la salud de los estudiantes, como la presión de aprendizaje, plan de estudios de educación, atención de salud familiar, etc. Teniendo en cuenta los principales factores que influyen, se diseñó la intervención dirigida, incluida la mejora de la conciencia de los estudiantes y los padres sobre el ejercicio físico y la mejora de la carga del plan de estudios de educación física en los colegios y universidades. Antes y después de la intervención, las pruebas de carrera de velocidad y de larga distancia de los estudiantes muestran que la condición física de los estudiantes ha mejorado significativamente, y los resultados de la intervención muestran que la intervención dirigida puede promover el desarrollo saludable de los estudiantes universitarios. Se espera que este estudio pueda fortalecer el nivel de instalación de deportes públicos en colegios y universidades, de manera que mejore la calidad física de los estudiantes.

Application of Correspondence Analysis in the Analysis of Accidental Death of Chinese Residents / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the preference relation between residence, sex, age and causes of accidental death of Chinese residents. Methods In this study, 72 residence-sex-age groups and 8 causes of accidental death were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by correspondence analysis using the official statistical yearbook issued from 2014 to 2018, and the preference values were calculated. Results Among the 576 pairs of correspondences between the residence-sex-age groups and causes of accidental death, 352 pairs （61.11%） showed a preference relation （preference value>0）. In terms of residence and sex, accidental death preference among Chinese residents was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and males were higher than females. In terms of the causes of accidental death, the overall risk of accidental mechanical asphyxia and motor vehicle accidents was the highest among all age groups of Chinese residents. In terms of age, with the increase of age, the preference value of accidental death of Chinese residents showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The comparative analysis results of the preference values of various causes of accidental death in different age groups showed that motor vehicle traffic accidents, accidental poisoning, death by crush and electric shock were more likely to occur in the working age group between 20 and 59 years old, accidental fall and fire were more likely to occur in the elderly group over 80 years old, and drowning and accidental mechanical asphyxia were more likely to occur in the minor group between 1 and 19 years old. Conclusion There are different preference relations between residence-sex-age groups and causes of accidental death in China. Therefore, effective control strategies and measures should be formulated for Chinese residents with preference for accidental death.

Clinical research on the perioperative hemodynamic changes recorded by MostCare/PRAM system in the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the perioperative hemodynamic changes of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) patients monitored by pulse recorded analysis method (MostCare/PRAM devices) and its relationship with the prognosis. Methods    A total of 89 patients who underwent OPCABG from October 2016 to January 2017 in Beiijng Anzhen Hospital were included, including 53 males and 36 females aged 60.50±8.40 years. The hemodynamic changes were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups (a major adverse cardiovascular events group and a stable group) according to whether major adverse cardiovascular events occurred or not. The difference of hemodynamic changes between the two groups was analysed. Results    The mean percentage increases of stroke volume (SV) in the passive leg raising (PLR) test before opening chest and after chest closure were 23.00%±3.20% and 29.40%±3.70%, respectively. Hemodynamic data were analysed seven times, namely, anaesthesia, opening chest, heparin administration, coronary artery bypass grafting, protamine administration, thoracic closure and after operation. SV was significantly decreased during above periods, while systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) was significantly increased. Cardiac circle efficiency (CCE) and maximum pressure gradient (dP/dT) were decreased after anaesthesia, and decreased to the lowest value during the procedure of bypass grafting, and then they began to increase gradually after the manipulation of bypass grafting was finished. Stroke volume variation (SVV) and pulse pressure variation (PPV) were slightly decreased during anaesthesia, then increased significantly through the whole surgery. Major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 9 patients and 4 of them died. The basic mean values of SVRI, SVV and PPV of patients in the major adverse cardiovascular events group before opening chest were significantly higher than those of patients in the stable group. There was no significant difference in the mean values of CCE, dP/dT or SV between the two groups. There was no significant correlation between the prognosis and the mean values of SVRI, SVV, PPV, CCE, dP/dT or SV. Conclusion    The hemodynamic indexes are not stable, thus, it is necessary to monitor the perioperative hemodynamic changes of OPCABG patients timely by MostCare/PRAM device and adjust treatment measures accordingly.

Hotspots and trends of Ophiopogonis Radix based on CiteSpace knowledge map / 中国中药杂志

Ophiopogonis Radix is an important Yin-nourishing drug in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), with the effects of nourishing Yin, promoting fluid production, clearing away heart-fire, and relieving restlessness. It is widely used in clinical practice due to its multiple chemical components and pharmacological effects. The technique "mapping knowledge domains" is an effective tool to quantitatively and objectively visualize the development frontiers and trends of certain disciplines. In this study, TCM research papers related to Ophiopogonis Radix were retrieved from Web of Science(WoS) and CNKI, and the research institutions, journals, and keywords involved were visualized and analyzed using the scientometric software CiteSpace. The co-occurrence network of related research on Ophiopogonis Radix was constructed, and the Ophiopogonis Radix-disease-target network was plotted using Cytoscape 3.8.2. The hot topics in Chinese and English papers were analyzed and the shortcomings in the research on Ophiopogonis Radix were summed up. Furthermore, the development trends were discussed. A total of 1 403 Chinese papers and 292 English papers were included in this study. The analysis of research institutions showed that Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and China Pharmaceutical University were the two research institutions with the largest numbers of papers published. The analysis of journals showed that Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Journal of Asian Natural Products Research were the two journals with the highest numbers of papers concerning Ophiopogonis Radix. The keyword analysis showed that the research contents of Chinese papers focused on the analysis of medication regularity and clinical observation trials, while the English papers focused on component analysis and pharmacological investigation. Data mining and apoptosis-based pharmacological mechanism might be the research trends in the future.

Establishment and Practice of Management of Weighting Recheck for Finished Intravenous Solution in PIVAS Based on Weight Analysis Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To management recheck and sorting weight for finished intravenous solutions in PIVAS ，to provide reference for reducing dispensing error and improving the safety and quality of intravenous infusion therapy. METHODS ：The weight analysis method was used to determine the weight of main drug and solvent in the finished intravenous solutions and infusion bottle . The weight maintenance information was added in PIVAS information management system ，and the marked weight of finished intravenous solutions was calculated for the verification of finished intravenous solutions. Average daily check quantity of finished product ，checking time ，average checking time of finished products per bag ，detection rate of dispensing error ，external error and timeliness of finished infusion batch were compared before （Mar.-May，2019，n＝83 006）and after （Jun.-Aug.，2019， n＝83 173）management. The effects of weighting recheck management were evaluated. RESULTS ：Compared with before the implementation of weighting recheck management ，there were no significant differences in the average daily check quantity of finished products ，the detection rate of dispensing errors caused by wrong labeling of liquid ，or the times of delayed drug delivery batches after the implementation of weighting recheck management （P＞0.05）. The checking time of finished products ，average checking time of finished products per bag ，the number of bags added or subtracted error ，detection rate of dose dispensing error ， total error detection rate prolonged or increased significantly （P＜0.05），and the number of external error was decreased significantly（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The weighting recheck management improves the accuracy and safety of PIVAS preparation，effectively improves error detection rate ，reduces the occurrence of external error ，but prolongs the time of checking ， which are urgent to be solved by information and automation means.

Establishment of Hospital Pharmacy Prevention and Control Strategies for Novel Coronavirus Infection Based on 5M1E Analysis Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide re ference f or hospital pharmacy prevention and control management during novel coronavirus（SARS-CoV-2）infection epidemic period. METHODS ：Based on 5M1E analysis method ，according to the needs of epidemic prevention and control ，it is necessary to analyze the risks of 5 aspects as personnel ，equipment and materials ，methods， environment，monitoring of the pharmacy work in hospital ，and establish the prevention and control strategy of hospital pharmacy infection in response to the epidemic situation of novel coronavirus pneumonia （COVID-19）according to the corresponding risks. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Personnel management strategies include carrying out pharmacist prevention and control training ， focusing on physical and mental health of pharmacists during infection prevention and control ；equipment and materials management strategies include strengthening equipment disinfection management and strengthening the management of materials for infection prevention and control ；method management strategies include developing emergency plans for infection prevention and control，standardizing individual infection prevention and control method ；environment management strategies include environment cleaning and disinfection management ，infection exposure management of related medical material ，medical waste management ； monitoring management strategies include strengthening pharmacists infection monitoring and evaluating pharmacists ’prevention and control effect. By establishing the strategy for COVID- 19 epidemic prevention and control ，it can effectively guiding pharmacists to carry out epidemic prevention and control.

Novel Coronavirus Infection Response ：Prevention and Control Strategies Based on Drug ，Material Supply and Emergency Management / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide drug ，material supp ly and emergency management reference for novel coronavirus （SARS-CoV-2）infection in pharmacy staff in hospital. METHODS ：The method of 5M1E was used to analyze the six main factors，including man ，machine，material，method，environment and measurement of drug ，material supply and emergency management. The relevant prevention and control strategies were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：In the drug ，material supply and emergency management of epidemic prevention and control ，the man factors were involved ，such as mainly pharmacists from pharmacy departments of medical institutions. At the same time ，the management also involved machine factors such as drug storage，cleaning and disinfection ；material factors such as emergency drugs ，disinfection products ，in vitro diagnostic reagents ， the guarantee of medicine materials for medical team ，investigational products ；methods factors such as relevant management measures；environmental factors such as storage environment and facilities ；measurement factors such as drug use ，drug and substance reserve. In view of the above factors ，it is suggested to strengthen the professional knowledge and communication skills training of pharmacists ，and strengthen humanistic care ，so as to improve their post competency ，communication in emergency response and psychological tolerance. Equipment and materials management shall be strengthened ，and equipment maintenance and disinfection shall be done well to ensure normal use of equipment. According to the evidence-based method ，the emergency drug list should be established. According to the disinfection protection requirements ，the disinfection products should be reasonably selected and their quality and sufficient inventory should be ensured. The qualified in vitro diagnostic reagents should be purchased in time. The investigational products should be managed reasonably according to the relevant requirements of clinical trials ，to ensure the drug and material supply of medical team members. Emergency plans and standard operating procedures shall be formulated，the principle of sympathetic drug use shall be followed ，and the management of off-label drug use and early warning of drug and material shortage shall be done well. Reasonable storage space should be reserved to strengthen environmental monitoring and disinfection. We should strengthen the monitoring and reporting of daily data ，strengthen the quality monitoring ， and accept the independent audit of the third party. Above strategies are helpful to improve the ability of drug supply risk identification and response ability ，and cooperate with the medical team to timely rescue patients.

Analysis of Fingerprint of Standard Decoction of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Based on Spectroscopic Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish the fingerprint of standard decoction of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and evaluate its quality. Method:According to the preparation conditions of the standard decoction,15 batches of standard decoction of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium were prepared.HPLC was employed to determine the content of hesperidin in this standard decoction.Ultraviolet spectroscopy(UV) and infrared spectroscopy(IR) were used to establish the fingerprint of standard decoction of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium.The correlation coefficient method and double index sequence analysis method were used to compare and analyze the spectra of different batches of this standard decoction. Result:The content of hesperidin in 15 batches of this standard decoction were 0.82%-2.60%,and the measured value of dry extract rate was 32.02%-46.11%.Compared with ultraviolet and infrared control fingerprint,the fingerprint similarities of the standard decoction of each batch were > 0.897 and > 0.942,respectively.The double index analysis results showed that the common peak ratio was more than 62.50%,variation peak ratio was less than 46.67%. Conclusion:The quality evaluation method established in this study can be used for systematic evaluation of standard decoction of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,and it can provide theoretical reference for the formulation of quality standard of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium dispensing granules and other related preparations.

Normality Test in Clinical Research

In data analysis, given that various statistical methods assume that the distribution of the population data is normal distribution, it is essential to check and test whether or not the data satisfy the normality requirement. Although the analytical methods vary depending on whether or not the normality is satisfied, inconsistent results might be obtained depending on the analysis method used. In many clinical research papers, the results are presented and interpreted without checking or testing normality. According to the central limit theorem, the distribution of the sample mean satisfies the normal distribution when the number of samples is above 30. However, in many clinical studies, due to cost and time restrictions during data collection, the number of samples is frequently lower than 30. In this case, a proper statistical analysis method is required to determine whether or not the normality is satisfied by performing a normality test. In this regard, this paper discusses the normality check, several methods of normality test, and several statistical analysis methods with or without normality checks.

Optimization of response surface of fresh-cut processing technology in Corydalis Rhizoma producing area / 中草药

Objective To optimize the fresh-cutting process of Corydalis Rhizoma by response surface methodology, and obtain the best technology for fresh-cut processing of Corydalis Rhizoma. Methods The slice thickness, the hot air drying temperature and the loading amount were taken as the investigation factors. The total alkaloid content, the extract content and the drying efficiency were taken as the indicators. The weight coefficient of each index was obtained by principal component analysis method, and the comprehensive score was calculated. Single factor analysis was performed on the investigation factors to obtain the initial optimization range, and the response surface optimization method was used to optimize the final process optimization parameters. Results The best production conditions for fresh-cut processing were determined as slice thickness of 4 mm, dry load of 7 kg/m2, drying temperature of 85 ℃, total drying time of (279.0 ± 1.1) min, and comprehensive score of (0.860 6 ± 0.010 0). At this time, the total alkaloid content of Corydalis Rhizoma was (6.274 ± 0.030) mg/g, the content of the leachate was (17.86 ± 0.22)%, and the drying efficiency was (25.09 ± 0.00) g/(m2∙min). Conclusion The established drying process can better preserve the content of alkaloids and extracts in Corydalis Rhizoma, maintain high drying efficiency, ensure high quality and reduce energy consumption of enterprises, and provide a reliable theoretical basis for the production and processing of Corydalis Rhizoma pieces.

Research on correlation among "four natures" drug properties, penetration enhancement abilities and chemical components of essential oils from pungent Chinese herbs based on stepwise discrimination analysis method / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the correlation among the "four natures" drug properties, the abilities of penetration enhancement and chemical components of the essential oils (EOs) from pungent Chinese herbs. Methods: A total of 20 kinds of EOs with different "four natures" drug properties were selected for pair comparison. EOs were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS, the skin resistance kinetic technology was used to investigate the abilities of penetration enhancement. Based on the research results, the factors were selected by stepwise discrimination analysis method and variance analysis method and the prediction model was established. Results: The order of the abilities of penetration enhancement of EOs was: hot > warm > cold and cool. The higher the content of sesquiterpenoids was, the warmer the property tended to be. On the contrary, it did not contain sesquiterpenes, or its content was low, and its property tended to be cold and cool, and the abilities of penetration enhancement were weak. Conclusion: There was a correlation among the "four natures" drug properties, the abilities of penetration enhancement and chemical components of EOs from pungent Chinese herbs. And the sesquiterpenoids from EOs may be the most correlated chemical components with the "four natures" drug properties and the abilities of penetration enhancement.

Study on anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo and relation of fingerprint with pharmacodynamics of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix from three commercial specifications / 中草药

Objective: To explore the difference of anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo between Canqiang, Tiaoqiang and Datouqiang, and to obtain the anti-inflammatory active substances by relation of fingerprint with pharmacodynamics. Methods: Dimethylbenzene for the induction of a mouse ear edema in vivo and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity, inflammatory factors such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by NO kit and ELISA kit, and the gray correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between the peak area and the anti-inflammatory activity of the fingerprint features of each sample. Results: Different commercial specifications presented inhibition on acute inflammation of ear edema and inflammatory factors NO, TNF-α and IL-6, and anti-inflammatory effects were Canqiang > Datouqiang > Tiaoqiang. The chemical composition represented by 40 characteristic peaks was related to anti-inflammatory activity, and 17 characteristic peaks were highly correlated with this effect, among which three peaks were known components, namely chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and isoimperatorin. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect of Canqiang was the most significant, which was consistent with Canqiang being the most expensive and effective in the market, also with traditional grading standards. This study initially obtained anti-inflammatory active substances were chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and isoimperatorin.